{"title":"Cognitive Peptides","description":"\u003cp data-end=\"1963\" data-start=\"1837\"\u003eResearch compounds investigated for roles in neurochemical regulation, neurotrophic signaling, and stress-response pathways.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2049\" data-start=\"1970\"\u003eFrequently examined in cognitive resilience and neurological research models.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2093\" data-start=\"2056\"\u003eStrictly for laboratory research use.\u003c\/p\u003e","products":[{"product_id":"semax","title":"Semax","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"wd-page-content main-page-wrapper\"\u003e\u003cmain role=\"main\" class=\"wd-content-layout content-layout-wrapper wd-builder-off\" id=\"main-content\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"main\" id=\"content\" class=\"site-content col-lg-12\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"row\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-area col-sm-12\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"elementor elementor-6554\" data-elementor-id=\"6554\" data-elementor-type=\"page\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-e-type=\"container\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-id=\"e081ffd\" class=\"wd-negative-gap elementor-element elementor-element-e081ffd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent e-lazyloaded\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"e-con-inner\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-e-type=\"container\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-id=\"a465110\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a465110 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-widget_type=\"kbpb-product-tabs-advanced.default\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-id=\"68951fc\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-68951fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-kbpb-product-tabs-advanced\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"elementor-widget-container\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"kbpb-product-tabs-advanced\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"kbpb-tabs-content\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"tab-0\" class=\"kbpb-tab-pane active\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"kbpb-sections-content\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"section-what-is-semax\" class=\"kbpb-section\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"kbpb-section-title\"\u003eWhat is Semax?\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"kbpb-section-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words\"\u003eSemax (Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro) is a synthetic heptapeptide developed in Russia in the 1980s as an analog of the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) fragment 4-10. Unlike native ACTH, Semax exhibits profound neurological benefits without hormonal activity, making it uniquely suitable for cognitive enhancement and neuroprotection applications. The peptide's structure incorporates the ACTH(4-7) fragment at the N-terminus and a stabilizing Pro-Gly-Pro (PGP) tripeptide at the C-terminus, which significantly extends its metabolic half-life and therapeutic duration compared to unmodified ACTH fragments.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words\"\u003eSemax functions as a multifaceted neurotropic agent that crosses the blood-brain barrier, particularly when administered intranasally, allowing direct central nervous system access. The peptide has been approved for clinical use in Russia and is listed on the Russian List of Vital \u0026amp; Essential Drugs for treating ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attacks, memory and cognitive disorders, optic nerve diseases, and immune system support.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words\"\u003eThe peptide's mechanism of action involves multiple pathways that collectively contribute to its therapeutic effects. Semax rapidly elevates brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the hippocampus and frontal cortex within 20 minutes to 3 hours after administration, with BDNF protein levels increasing up to 1.4-fold. This upregulation of BDNF, a critical modulator of synaptic plasticity, supports neuronal survival, growth, and the formation of new synaptic connections essential for learning and memory processes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words\"\u003eAdditionally, Semax activates dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmitter systems, influencing mood regulation, motivation, attention, and cognitive processing. The peptide demonstrates potent inhibition of enkephalin-degrading enzymes with an IC50 of 10 μM, more effective than traditional peptidase inhibitors. By preserving endogenous enkephalins, Semax may enhance natural pain modulation mechanisms and reduce inflammatory responses.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words\"\u003eGenome-wide transcriptional analyses reveal that Semax modulates the expression of hundreds of genes involved in immune response, vascular system function, inflammation control, and cellular stress responses. Three hours after cerebral ischemia, Semax influences genes affecting immune cell activity, mobility, and chemokine expression, while at 24 hours post-ischemia, its immunomodulatory effects intensify, suggesting a key role in neuroprotection through neuroimmune crosstalk.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words\"\u003eThe peptide exhibits excellent safety profiles across numerous clinical trials, with minimal reported adverse effects limited primarily to mild nasal irritation with intranasal administration and occasional glucose elevation in diabetic patients. Semax demonstrates no hormonal activity, no development of tolerance or dependence, and no significant drug interactions, making it suitable for both acute interventions and cognitive optimization protocols.\u003c\/p\u003e\n \n\u003ch4\u003eChemical Identity\u003c\/h4\u003e\nThe compound is characterized by its unique molecular structure and specific chemical properties that make it valuable for research applications.\n\u003cdiv class=\"pac-collapsible-section\"\u003e\n\u003cbutton type=\"button\" class=\"pac-toggle-btn\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"toggle-text\"\u003eShow IUPAC Name\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"toggle-icon\"\u003e▼\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pac-collapsible-content\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSystematic IUPAC Name:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(2S)-1-[2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-amino-4-methylsulfanylbutanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]acetyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n \n\u003ch4\u003ePurity \u0026amp; Quality\u003c\/h4\u003e\nOur Semax is provided at research-grade purity, suitable for laboratory applications and experimental protocols. Each batch undergoes quality control testing to ensure consistency and reliability for your research needs.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eImportant:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eThis product is intended for research purposes only and is not for human or veterinary use. It is sold for laboratory and scientific investigation only.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"section-semax-structure\" class=\"kbpb-section\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"kbpb-section-title\"\u003eSemax Structure\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"kbpb-section-content\"\u003e \n\u003cdiv class=\"peptide-structure-content\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eChemical Structure\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"structure-images\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"structure-2d\"\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003e2D Structure\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cimg height=\"60\" width=\"60\" alt=\"Semax 2D Structure\" src=\"https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/image\/imgsrv.fcgi?cid=9811102\u0026amp;t=l\" class=\"peptide-structure-image\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"structure-3d\"\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003e3D Structure\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cimg height=\"60\" width=\"60\" alt=\"Semax 3D Structure\" src=\"https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/image\/imgsrv.fcgi?cid=9811102\u0026amp;t=l\u0026amp;3d=true\" class=\"peptide-structure-image\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"chemical-properties\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eChemical Properties\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"peptide-properties-table\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e80714-61-0\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eC37H51N9O10S\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e813.9 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr class=\"iupac-row\"\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eIUPAC Name\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"iupac-collapsible\"\u003e\n\u003cbutton type=\"button\" class=\"iupac-toggle-btn\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"toggle-text\"\u003eShow IUPAC Name\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"toggle-icon\"\u003e▼\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"iupac-content\"\u003e(2S)-1-[2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-amino-4-methylsulfanylbutanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]acetyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eInChIKey\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003eAFEHBIGDWIGTEH-AQRCPPRCSA-N\u003c\/code\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"pubchem-link\"\u003e\u003ca rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/9811102\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eView full compound data on PubChem →\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"section-semax-research\" class=\"kbpb-section\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"kbpb-section-title\"\u003eSemax Research\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"kbpb-section-content\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"peptide-research-content\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"research-articles\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"research-article\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"article-citation\"\u003e\n\u003ch4 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eCognitive Enhancement and Memory Function\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSemax demonstrates significant cognitive-enhancing properties across multiple domains of brain function. Research published in Brain Research found that a single intranasal application of Semax (50 μg\/kg) resulted in a 1.4-fold increase in BDNF protein levels in the rat basal forebrain after 3 hours, accompanied by a 1.6-fold increase in trkB receptor phosphorylation and 2-3-fold increases in BDNF and trkB mRNA expression. This enhancement of the hippocampal BDNF\/trkB system correlates directly with improved learning and memory performance, as Semax-treated animals demonstrated distinct increases in conditioned avoidance reactions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words\"\u003eHuman studies demonstrate practical cognitive benefits under demanding conditions. In a clinical evaluation of healthy but fatigued subjects following 8-hour work shifts, those receiving Semax achieved 71% accuracy on memory tests compared to 41% in control groups, with cognitive improvements persisting for up to 24 hours. The peptide's effects on learning were confirmed in animal models where Semax significantly decreased learning time and improved memory consolidation across multiple behavioral paradigms.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words\"\u003eStudies indicate that Semax improves attention span, focus, and sustained concentration by modulating dopaminergic activity in the prefrontal cortex, the brain region responsible for executive function and working memory. The peptide enhances both short-term and long-term memory retention, particularly under conditions of high cognitive demand, making it valuable for academic performance, professional productivity, and age-related cognitive preservation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words\"\u003eFunctional MRI studies in healthy humans show that intranasal Semax (total dose 1.2 mg) increases resting signal in the default mode network rostral subcomponent, a brain system critical for attention, awareness, and social cognition. This modulation suggests Semax enhances baseline cognitive processing efficiency even during rest states, potentially improving responsiveness and mental clarity throughout daily activities.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSources:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"[li_\u0026amp;]:mb-0 [li_\u0026amp;]:mt-1 [li_\u0026amp;]:gap-1 [\u0026amp;:not(:last-child)_ul]:pb-1 [\u0026amp;:not(:last-child)_ol]:pb-1 list-disc flex flex-col gap-1 pl-8 mb-3\"\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003eDolotov OV, et al. \"Semax, an analogue of adrenocorticotropin (4–10), binds specifically and increases levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor protein in rat basal forebrain.\" Journal of Neurochemistry. 2006;97(4):1005-1015.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/16635254\/\"\u003ehttps:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/16635254\/\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003eDolotov OV, et al. \"Semax, an analog of ACTH(4-10) with cognitive effects, regulates BDNF and trkB expression in the rat hippocampus.\" Brain Research. 2006;1117(1):54-60.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/16996037\/\" class=\"underline underline underline-offset-2 decoration-1 decoration-current\/40 hover:decoration-current focus:decoration-current\"\u003ehttps:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/16996037\/\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003eAgapova TY, et al. \"Time course of the expression of genes of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and nerve growth factor in the hippocampus and frontal cortex induced by semax in rats.\" Molecular Genetics, Microbiology and Virology. 2008;23(3):142-146.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.3103\/S0891416808030063\" class=\"underline underline underline-offset-2 decoration-1 decoration-current\/40 hover:decoration-current focus:decoration-current\"\u003ehttps:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.3103\/S0891416808030063\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003eLebedeva IS, et al. \"Effects of Semax on the Default Mode Network of the Brain.\" Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 2018;164(5):653-656.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.alzdiscovery.org\/uploads\/cognitive_vitality_media\/Semax-Cognitive-Vitality-For-Researchers.pdf\" class=\"underline underline underline-offset-2 decoration-1 decoration-current\/40 hover:decoration-current focus:decoration-current\"\u003ehttps:\/\/www.alzdiscovery.org\/uploads\/cognitive_vitality_media\/Semax-Cognitive-Vitality-For-Researchers.pdf\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch4 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eNeuroprotection and Stroke Recovery\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eSemax exhibits remarkable neuroprotective properties in cerebral ischemia and stroke recovery. Clinical trials demonstrate that Semax administration during the acute period of hemispheric ischemic stroke significantly enhances neurological recovery compared to conventional therapy alone. In a controlled study of 30 patients with acute ischemic stroke receiving Semax alongside standard treatment versus 80 control patients, researchers observed accelerated restoration of neurological functions, particularly motor disorders, with improvements documented through clinical rating scales, EEG mapping, and somatosensory evoked potential analysis.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eA genome-wide study investigating Semax's molecular mechanisms in permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) revealed that the peptide altered expression of 96 genes 3 hours after ischemia and 68 genes at 24 hours post-occlusion. The most prominent effects involved immune system and vascular system genes, with Semax enhancing expression of genes that modulate immune cell amount and mobility while increasing chemokine and immunoglobulin gene expression. The peptide influenced processes accompanying blood vessel formation during early ischemia stages and vascular stabilization at later stages, suggesting that immunomodulation and vascular support are key mechanisms underlying neuroprotection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eIn a clinical study of 110 patients recovering from ischemic stroke, Semax treatment (6000 μg\/day for 10 days, two courses with 20-day interval) significantly increased plasma BDNF levels, which remained elevated throughout the study period. Patients with high BDNF levels following Semax administration demonstrated improved timing of rehabilitation, better motor performance on the British Medical Research Council scale, and enhanced Barthel index scores regardless of whether rehabilitation began early or late after stroke onset.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eProteomic analysis of rat brain tissue following transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) showed that Semax modulates key proteins involved in inflammation and cell death (MMP-9, c-Fos, JNK) while enhancing neuroprotective signaling through CREB activation. The peptide suppresses inflammatory gene expression (Il1b, Il6, Tnfa) while promoting neurotransmitter-related gene activation, creating a favorable environment for neural recovery and reducing secondary brain injury.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSources:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"[li_\u0026amp;]:mb-0 [li_\u0026amp;]:mt-1 [li_\u0026amp;]:gap-1 [\u0026amp;:not(:last-child)_ul]:pb-1 [\u0026amp;:not(:last-child)_ol]:pb-1 list-disc flex flex-col gap-1 pl-8 mb-3\"\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003eMedvedeva EV, et al. \"The peptide semax affects the expression of genes related to the immune and vascular systems in rat brain focal ischemia: genome-wide transcriptional analysis.\" BMC Genomics. 2014;15:228.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC3987924\/\" class=\"underline underline underline-offset-2 decoration-1 decoration-current\/40 hover:decoration-current focus:decoration-current\"\u003ehttps:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC3987924\/\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003eGusev EI, et al. \"Effectiveness of semax in acute period of hemispheric ischemic stroke (a clinical and electrophysiological study).\" Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psikhiatrii. 2001;101(6):26-34.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/11517472\/\" class=\"underline underline underline-offset-2 decoration-1 decoration-current\/40 hover:decoration-current focus:decoration-current\"\u003ehttps:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/11517472\/\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003eGusev EI, et al. \"The efficacy of semax in the treatment of patients at different stages of ischemic stroke.\" Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psikhiatrii. 2017;117(3):38-45.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29798983\/\" class=\"underline underline underline-offset-2 decoration-1 decoration-current\/40 hover:decoration-current focus:decoration-current\"\u003ehttps:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29798983\/\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003eBobkova NV, et al. \"Brain Protein Expression Profile Confirms the Protective Effect of the ACTH(4–7)PGP Peptide (Semax) in a Rat Model of Cerebral Ischemia–Reperfusion.\" Frontiers in Neuroscience. 2021;15:681950.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8226508\/\" class=\"underline underline underline-offset-2 decoration-1 decoration-current\/40 hover:decoration-current focus:decoration-current\"\u003ehttps:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8226508\/\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003eMyasoedov NF, et al. \"Investigation of mechanisms of neuroprotective effect of Semax in acute period of ischemic stroke.\" Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psikhiatrii. 1999;99(5):15-19.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/10358912\/\" class=\"underline underline underline-offset-2 decoration-1 decoration-current\/40 hover:decoration-current focus:decoration-current\"\u003ehttps:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/10358912\/\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch4 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eOxidative Stress Protection and Cellular Defense\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eSemax demonstrates potent antioxidant properties that protect neural tissue from various forms of oxidative damage. Animal studies show that Semax prevents oxidative damage caused by heavy metal poisoning, including lead exposure in the brain. The peptide protects against oxidative liver damage occurring with chronic stress and prevents oxidative damage to body tissues following stroke or heart attack, with researchers attributing improved recovery in part to these oxidative protection mechanisms.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eResearch published in Doklady Biological Sciences examined Semax effects on heavy metal poisoning in rats compared with ascorbic acid, a known antioxidant. Heavy metal salts inhibited avoidance responses in rat subjects, and Semax counteracted these effects as effectively as ascorbic acid, confirming the peptide's antioxidant properties. Additional studies demonstrate that Semax moderates copper-induced cytotoxicity in cell lines, forming stable complexes with copper(II) ions and preventing copper-induced cell death in neuroblastoma and endothelial cells.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eThe peptide's antioxidant activity extends to preventing amyloid-beta aggregation, particularly in the presence of copper ions. Research shows Semax inhibits fiber formation by interfering with the fibrillogenesis of Aβ:Cu2+ complexes in a concentration-dependent manner, both in buffer solutions and in the presence of model cell membranes. This anti-aggregating property, combined with its ability to prevent membrane disruption, suggests potential applications in preventing protein misfolding diseases associated with oxidative stress and metal ion dysregulation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eMechanistically, Semax enhances antioxidant enzyme activity and cellular protection systems while improving mitochondrial protection and cellular energy metabolism. The peptide reduces oxidative stress markers and prevents cellular damage through activation of stress response pathways and regulation of genes containing antioxidant response elements (ARE). These protective mechanisms make Semax particularly valuable during periods of metabolic stress, ischemia, or exposure to environmental toxins.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSources:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"[li_\u0026amp;]:mb-0 [li_\u0026amp;]:mt-1 [li_\u0026amp;]:gap-1 [\u0026amp;:not(:last-child)_ul]:pb-1 [\u0026amp;:not(:last-child)_ol]:pb-1 list-disc flex flex-col gap-1 pl-8 mb-3\"\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003eMedvedeva EV, et al. \"Heavy Metal Salt-Induced Oxidative Stress in Rats Can Be Alleviated by the Peptide Semax.\" Doklady Biological Sciences. 2016;470(1):205-208.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/particlepeptides.com\/en\/content\/37-semax\" class=\"underline underline underline-offset-2 decoration-1 decoration-current\/40 hover:decoration-current focus:decoration-current\"\u003ehttps:\/\/particlepeptides.com\/en\/content\/37-semax\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003eTabbì G, et al. \"Semax, an ACTH4-10 peptide analog with high affinity for copper(II) ion and protective ability against metal induced cell toxicity.\" Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry. 2015;142:8-16.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0162013414002505\" class=\"underline underline underline-offset-2 decoration-1 decoration-current\/40 hover:decoration-current focus:decoration-current\"\u003ehttps:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0162013414002505\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003eZimbone S, et al. \"Semax, a Synthetic Regulatory Peptide, Affects Copper-Induced Abeta Aggregation and Amyloid Formation in Artificial Membrane Models.\" ACS Chemical Neuroscience. 2022;13(3):345-360.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8855339\/\" class=\"underline underline underline-offset-2 decoration-1 decoration-current\/40 hover:decoration-current focus:decoration-current\"\u003ehttps:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8855339\/\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch4 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eOptic Nerve Protection and Visual Function Recovery\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eClinical studies demonstrate Semax's efficacy in treating various optic nerve pathologies. A comprehensive clinical trial evaluated Semax in patients with vascular, toxic-allergic, and inflammatory diseases of the optic nerve, as well as partial optic nerve atrophy. Patients were divided into groups receiving intranasal Semax drops, endonasal electrophoresis of Semax, or standard treatment alone. Addition of Semax to the therapeutic regimen significantly improved the intensity and rate of recovery across multiple visual function parameters.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eSemax treatment effectively protected nervous tissue from injury consequences, particularly during acute stages of optic nerve disease. Clinical improvements included enhanced visual acuity, extension of total visual field, increased electrical sensitivity and conductivity of the optic nerve, and improved visual evoked potential parameters. These objective measurements confirmed that Semax provided genuine neuroprotective effects beyond subjective symptom relief.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eIn glaucomatous optic neuropathy studies where intraocular pressure was normalized, Semax demonstrated advantages over traditional neuroprotective treatments. Electrophysiological and computer examination methods revealed superior outcomes in patients receiving Semax as part of a neuroprotective therapy complex. The efficiency is attributed to Semax's dual pathogenetic activity possessing both neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects, supporting optic nerve survival and function even when mechanical pressure factors are controlled.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eResearch in diabetic retinopathy patients showed that endonasal electrophoresis of 0.1% Semax produced the most pronounced and long-lasting positive effects on visual, perimetric, and electrophysiological function, with benefits persisting up to 12 months. This sustained improvement suggests Semax promotes genuine structural and functional recovery rather than temporary symptomatic relief, making it valuable for progressive neurological conditions affecting vision.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSources:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"[li_\u0026amp;]:mb-0 [li_\u0026amp;]:mt-1 [li_\u0026amp;]:gap-1 [\u0026amp;:not(:last-child)_ul]:pb-1 [\u0026amp;:not(:last-child)_ol]:pb-1 list-disc flex flex-col gap-1 pl-8 mb-3\"\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003ePolunin GS, et al. \"Evaluation of therapeutic effect of new Russian drug semax in optic nerve disease.\" Vestnik Oftalmologii. 2000;116(1):15-18.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/10741256\/\" class=\"underline underline underline-offset-2 decoration-1 decoration-current\/40 hover:decoration-current focus:decoration-current\"\u003ehttps:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/10741256\/\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003eKurysheva NI, et al. \"Semax in the treatment of glaucomatous optic neuropathy in patients with normalized ophthalmic tone.\" Vestnik Oftalmologii. 2001;117(4):5-8.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/11569188\/\" class=\"underline underline underline-offset-2 decoration-1 decoration-current\/40 hover:decoration-current focus:decoration-current\"\u003ehttps:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/11569188\/\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003eSheremet NL, et al. \"An experimental substantiation for using the 'Semax' neuroprotector in the treatment of optic-nerve diseases.\" Vestnik Oftalmologii. 2004;120(6):25-27.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/15678666\/\" class=\"underline underline underline-offset-2 decoration-1 decoration-current\/40 hover:decoration-current focus:decoration-current\"\u003ehttps:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/15678666\/\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch4 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003ePain Modulation and Enkephalin Preservation\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eSemax exhibits dose-dependent inhibition of enkephalin-degrading enzymes in human serum with an IC50 of 10 μM, demonstrating more pronounced effects than traditional peptidase inhibitors including puromycin (IC50 10 mM) and bacitracin. This inhibitory activity extends to both the heptapeptide Semax and its pentapeptide fragments, while shorter tri-, tetra-, and hexapeptide fragments showed no such effect. Since these enzymes degrade not only enkephalins but also other regulatory peptides, this inhibitory activity represents a key mechanism of Semax's biological effects.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eEnkephalins are endogenous opioid peptides that play crucial roles in pain modulation, stress response regulation, immune function, and emotional behavior. By inhibiting their degradation, Semax effectively prolongs the half-life and enhances the activity of these natural analgesic compounds. Research demonstrates that preservation of enkephalins contributes to pain relief and reduction of inflammatory responses, as these peptides decrease pain perception, reduce inflammation, and increase immune cell activity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eAnimal studies investigating pain sensitivity using the paw-withdrawal test showed that the amino acid at position 1 of Semax analogs plays a key role in mediating analgesic effects. While truncations of N-terminal residues eliminated analgesic activity, strategic modifications preserved pain-modulating properties. The peptide's effects on pain pathways appear to involve both direct enkephalin preservation and modulation of opioid receptor systems, though the analgesic effect was absent with intranasal administration in some studies, suggesting route-dependent efficacy.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eAdditionally, Semax's anti-inflammatory properties complement its pain-modulating effects. The peptide reduces production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and modulates inflammatory signaling pathways, providing a multi-faceted approach to pain management that addresses both sensory and inflammatory components without the tolerance, dependence, or severe side effects associated with conventional opioid medications.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSources:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"[li_\u0026amp;]:mb-0 [li_\u0026amp;]:mt-1 [li_\u0026amp;]:gap-1 [\u0026amp;:not(:last-child)_ul]:pb-1 [\u0026amp;:not(:last-child)_ol]:pb-1 list-disc flex flex-col gap-1 pl-8 mb-3\"\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003eKost NV, et al. \"Semax and Selank Inhibit the Enkephalin-Degrading Enzymes of Human Serum.\" Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry. 2001;27(3):180-183.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1023\/A:1011373002885\" class=\"underline underline underline-offset-2 decoration-1 decoration-current\/40 hover:decoration-current focus:decoration-current\"\u003ehttps:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1023\/A:1011373002885\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003eKost NV, et al. \"Semax and selank inhibit the enkephalin-degrading enzymes from human serum.\" Bioorganicheskaia Khimiia. 2001;27(3):180-183.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/11443939\/\" class=\"underline underline underline-offset-2 decoration-1 decoration-current\/40 hover:decoration-current focus:decoration-current\"\u003ehttps:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/11443939\/\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch4 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eMood Regulation and Stress Resilience\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eSemax demonstrates significant anxiolytic and antidepressant properties mediated through activation of serotonergic and dopaminergic brain systems. A 2007 study analyzed effects of chronic Semax administration on exploratory activity, anxiety level, and depression-like behavior in rats. While Semax did not significantly influence exploratory activity in non-stressogenic environments, it produced pronounced anxiolytic and antidepressant effects. Researchers concluded these benefits derive from activation of the brain serotonergic system and increased BDNF expression in the hippocampus, both critical for mood regulation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eThe peptide rapidly elevates levels and expression of BDNF and its signaling receptor tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) in the hippocampus, structures centrally involved in stress response and emotional processing. This upregulation of the BDNF system supports neuroplasticity and stress resilience, allowing the brain to adapt more effectively to challenging circumstances. Studies show Semax attenuates behavioral effects of chronic stress exposure and normalizes stress-associated behavioral abnormalities.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eAnimal models demonstrate that Semax potentiates dopaminergic transmission in the striatum, enhancing motivation, reward processing, and goal-directed behavior. This dopaminergic modulation contributes to improved mood stability and reduced symptoms of depression, as dopamine plays essential roles in pleasure, motivation, and emotional regulation. The peptide's ability to balance both serotonergic and dopaminergic systems provides comprehensive mood support without the emotional blunting or discontinuation syndromes associated with conventional antidepressants.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eClinical observations suggest Semax may be particularly effective for individuals experiencing cognitive fatigue, burnout, or stress-related mood disturbances. The peptide's dual action of enhancing cognitive performance while supporting emotional resilience makes it uniquely suited for high-stress professional environments or recovery from trauma where both mental clarity and emotional stability are essential.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSources:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"[li_\u0026amp;]:mb-0 [li_\u0026amp;]:mt-1 [li_\u0026amp;]:gap-1 [\u0026amp;:not(:last-child)_ul]:pb-1 [\u0026amp;:not(:last-child)_ol]:pb-1 list-disc flex flex-col gap-1 pl-8 mb-3\"\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003eEremin KO, et al. \"Effects of Semax on exploratory activity and anxiety in white rats.\" Ross Fiziol Zh Im I M Sechenova. 2007;93(9):991-997.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/particlepeptides.com\/en\/content\/37-semax\" class=\"underline underline underline-offset-2 decoration-1 decoration-current\/40 hover:decoration-current focus:decoration-current\"\u003ehttps:\/\/particlepeptides.com\/en\/content\/37-semax\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003eShadrina MI, et al. \"Effects of Semax on dopaminergic and serotonergic brain systems.\" Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 2010;150(1):77-80.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semax\" class=\"underline underline underline-offset-2 decoration-1 decoration-current\/40 hover:decoration-current focus:decoration-current\"\u003ehttps:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semax\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch4 class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\"\u003eImmunomodulation and Anti-Inflammatory Effects\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eGenome-wide transcriptional analysis reveals that Semax profoundly affects immune system gene expression in conditions of cerebral ischemia. Three hours after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion, Semax influenced expression of genes affecting immune cell activity and mobility. Twenty-four hours post-ischemia, the peptide's immunomodulatory effects intensified considerably, with Semax predominantly enhancing expression of genes related to immune response, increasing chemokine and immunoglobulin gene expression, and modulating the amount and mobility of immune cells.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eThe peptide markedly affects immune response by altering expression of genes that encode chemokines and immunoglobulins, substances critical for coordinating immune cell trafficking and antibody production. Research demonstrates that Semax's neuroprotective effects in stroke likely derive from these immunomodulating properties combined with its impact on the vascular system during ischemia. This neuroimmune crosstalk represents a key mechanism through which Semax protects brain tissue from ischemic damage.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eStudies show that Semax reduces production of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, which contribute to secondary brain injury following ischemia or trauma. By suppressing these inflammatory mediators at the gene expression level, Semax creates an environment more conducive to neural repair and recovery. The peptide's ability to modulate inflammation without broadly suppressing immune function distinguishes it from traditional anti-inflammatory medications.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eAdditionally, Semax enhances antigen presentation signaling pathways and intensifies interferon signaling, suggesting it can support appropriate immune responses while reducing harmful neuroinflammation. This balanced immunomodulation makes Semax potentially valuable not only for acute neurological injuries but also for chronic neurodegenerative conditions where controlled inflammation plays a role in disease progression.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSources:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"[li_\u0026amp;]:mb-0 [li_\u0026amp;]:mt-1 [li_\u0026amp;]:gap-1 [\u0026amp;:not(:last-child)_ul]:pb-1 [\u0026amp;:not(:last-child)_ol]:pb-1 list-disc flex flex-col gap-1 pl-8 mb-3\"\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003eMedvedeva EV, et al. \"The peptide semax affects the expression of genes related to the immune and vascular systems in rat brain focal ischemia: genome-wide transcriptional analysis.\" BMC Genomics. 2014;15:228.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1471-2164-15-228\" class=\"underline underline underline-offset-2 decoration-1 decoration-current\/40 hover:decoration-current focus:decoration-current\"\u003ehttps:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1471-2164-15-228\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003eDmitrieva VG, et al. \"Semax and Pro-Gly-Pro activate the transcription of neurotrophins and their receptor genes after cerebral ischemia.\" Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology. 2010;30(1):71-79.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/325375504_The_efficacy_of_semax_in_the_tretament_of_patients_at_different_stages_of_ischemic_stroke\" class=\"underline underline underline-offset-2 decoration-1 decoration-current\/40 hover:decoration-current focus:decoration-current\"\u003ehttps:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/325375504_The_efficacy_of_semax_in_the_tretament_of_patients_at_different_stages_of_ischemic_stroke\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"research-disclaimer\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDisclaimer:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eThe research articles listed above are for informational purposes only. This product is intended for research use only and not for human or veterinary use.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-e-type=\"container\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-id=\"c8b3f0a\" class=\"wd-negative-gap elementor-element elementor-element-c8b3f0a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent e-lazyloaded\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"e-con-inner\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/main\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"wd-prefooter\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container wd-entry-content\"\u003e⊗PRODUCTS ARE INTENDED AS A RESEARCH CHEMICAL ONLY. This designation allows the use of research chemicals strictly for in vitro testing and laboratory experimentation only. All product information available on this website is for educational purposes only. Bodily introduction of any kind into humans or animals is strictly prohibited by law. Products should only be handled by licensed, qualified professionals. Products sold are not a drug, food, or cosmetic and may not be misbranded, misused or mislabeled as a drug, food, or cosmetic.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"CHEATCODES","offers":[{"title":"5mg","offer_id":44420748476531,"sku":null,"price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10mg","offer_id":44420748509299,"sku":null,"price":59.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0681\/2316\/4787\/files\/semax_10mg_92ad720e-9e57-4297-88b6-f754d29e01d0.jpg?v=1775962589"},{"product_id":"selank","title":"Selank","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"wd-page-content main-page-wrapper\"\u003e\u003cmain role=\"main\" class=\"wd-content-layout content-layout-wrapper wd-builder-off\" id=\"main-content\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"main\" id=\"content\" class=\"site-content col-lg-12\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"row\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-area col-sm-12\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"elementor elementor-6554\" data-elementor-id=\"6554\" data-elementor-type=\"page\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-e-type=\"container\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-id=\"e081ffd\" class=\"wd-negative-gap elementor-element elementor-element-e081ffd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent e-lazyloaded\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"e-con-inner\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-e-type=\"container\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-id=\"a465110\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a465110 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-widget_type=\"kbpb-product-tabs-advanced.default\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-id=\"68951fc\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-68951fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-kbpb-product-tabs-advanced\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"elementor-widget-container\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"kbpb-product-tabs-advanced\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"kbpb-tabs-content\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"tab-0\" class=\"kbpb-tab-pane active\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"kbpb-sections-content\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"section-what-is-selank\" class=\"kbpb-section\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"kbpb-section-title\"\u003eWhat is Selank?\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"kbpb-section-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words\"\u003eSelank (Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro) is a synthetic heptapeptide developed by the Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences as a stable analog of tuftsin, an endogenous tetrapeptide fragment of immunoglobulin G. The peptide was specifically engineered by elongating the tuftsin sequence with three additional amino acids (Pro-Gly-Pro) at the C-terminus to enhance metabolic stability and extend duration of action, creating a compound with pronounced anxiolytic and nootropic properties.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words\"\u003eSelank functions as a multi-target regulatory peptide that modulates neurotransmitter systems in the central nervous system while simultaneously influencing immune function. The peptide crosses the blood-brain barrier and primarily acts through allosteric modulation of GABA-A receptors, producing anxiolytic effects similar to classical benzodiazepine drugs but without their associated side effects including sedation, muscle relaxation, dependence, or withdrawal syndrome. Unlike benzodiazepines, Selank demonstrates additional cognitive-enhancing and psychostimulant properties that improve mental clarity and learning capacity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words\"\u003eThe peptide's mechanism of action involves complex interactions with multiple neurotransmitter systems. Selank influences the expression and activity of genes encoding GABA receptors, dopamine receptors (particularly D1, D2, and D5 subtypes), and serotonin receptors in the frontal cortex and hippocampus. Research demonstrates that Selank administration causes significant changes in the expression of 45 genes involved in neurotransmission within one hour, affecting major receptor subunits, transporters, and ion channels critical for neuronal signaling.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words\"\u003eA unique aspect of Selank's action is its potent inhibition of enkephalin-degrading enzymes in human serum. Enkephalins are endogenous opioid peptides that regulate pain perception, emotional responses, and stress adaptation. By preventing their rapid degradation, Selank maintains higher enkephalin levels, contributing to its anxiolytic and stress-protective effects. This inhibitory activity is more pronounced than that of conventional peptidase inhibitors such as bacitracin and puromycin.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words\"\u003eSelank also demonstrates significant immunomodulatory properties through regulation of cytokine gene expression. Studies show the peptide causes alterations in the expression of 34 genes involved in inflammatory processes, including chemokines, cytokines, and their receptors. The peptide influences key immune regulatory genes such as Bcl6, which plays a central role in immune system development, along with genes encoding complement component C3, caspase-1, and various interleukin receptors.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words\"\u003eResearch indicates that Selank levels in the body are influenced by stress conditions, with the peptide demonstrating adaptogenic properties by normalizing physiological responses to chronic stress. Clinical studies have established Selank's efficacy in treating generalized anxiety disorder and neurasthenia, with therapeutic effects comparable to established anxiolytic medications but with a superior safety profile and absence of cognitive side effects.\u003c\/p\u003e\n \n\u003ch4\u003eChemical Identity\u003c\/h4\u003e\nThe compound is characterized by its unique molecular structure and specific chemical properties that make it valuable for research applications.\n\u003cdiv class=\"pac-collapsible-section\"\u003e\n\u003cbutton type=\"button\" class=\"pac-toggle-btn\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"toggle-text\"\u003eShow IUPAC Name\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"toggle-icon\"\u003e▼\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pac-collapsible-content\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSystematic IUPAC Name:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(2S)-1-[2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]acetyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003ePurity \u0026amp; Quality\u003c\/h4\u003e\nOur Selank is provided at research-grade purity, suitable for laboratory applications and experimental protocols. Each batch undergoes quality control testing to ensure consistency and reliability for your research needs.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eImportant:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eThis product is intended for research purposes only and is not for human or veterinary use. It is sold for laboratory and scientific investigation only.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"section-selank-structure\" class=\"kbpb-section\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"kbpb-section-title\"\u003eSelank Structure\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"kbpb-section-content\"\u003e \n\u003cdiv class=\"peptide-structure-content\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eChemical Structure\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"structure-images\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"structure-2d\"\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003e2D Structure\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cimg alt=\"Selank 2D Structure\" src=\"https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/image\/imgsrv.fcgi?cid=11765600\u0026amp;t=l\" class=\"peptide-structure-image\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"structure-3d\"\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003e3D Structure\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cimg alt=\"Selank 3D Structure\" src=\"https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/image\/imgsrv.fcgi?cid=11765600\u0026amp;t=l\u0026amp;3d=true\" class=\"peptide-structure-image\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"chemical-properties\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eChemical Properties\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"peptide-properties-table\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e129954-34-3\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eC33H57N11O9\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e751.9 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr class=\"iupac-row\"\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eIUPAC Name\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"iupac-collapsible\"\u003e\n\u003cbutton type=\"button\" class=\"iupac-toggle-btn\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"toggle-text\"\u003eShow IUPAC Name\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"toggle-icon\"\u003e▼\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"iupac-content\"\u003e(2S)-1-[2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]acetyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eInChIKey\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003eJTDTXGMXNXBGBZ-YVHUGQOKSA-N\u003c\/code\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"pubchem-link\"\u003e\u003ca rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/11765600\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eView full compound data on PubChem →\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"section-selank-research\" class=\"kbpb-section\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"kbpb-section-title\"\u003eSelank Research\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"kbpb-section-content\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"peptide-research-content\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"research-articles\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"research-article\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"article-citation\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"font-claude-response-subheading text-text-100 mt-1 -mb-1.5\"\u003eResearch Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ch4 class=\"font-claude-response-body-bold text-text-100 mt-1\"\u003eAnxiety and Stress Management\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words\"\u003eSelank has been extensively studied for its anxiolytic properties in both preclinical and clinical settings, demonstrating efficacy comparable to benzodiazepine medications without their characteristic drawbacks. In a controlled clinical trial of 62 patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and neurasthenia, Selank (administered to 30 patients) was compared directly to medazepam, a conventional benzodiazepine tranquilizer. Patient assessments using validated psychometric scales (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, and Clinical Global Impression) revealed that both drugs produced similar anxiolytic effects, but Selank additionally demonstrated antiasthenic and psychostimulant properties absent with medazepam treatment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words\"\u003eClinical research reveals that Selank exhibits remarkable individual response variability, with approximately 40% of patients classified as \"rapid responders\" experiencing abrupt reduction in anxiety symptoms within 1-3 days of treatment initiation. In this subset, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale scores decreased from a mean of 20.3 to 7.0 by day three, representing a highly significant clinical improvement. The remaining 60% of patients demonstrated gradual but consistent symptom reduction over 14 days, with final anxiety scores comparable to the rapid responder group.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words\"\u003eComparative studies examining Selank in combination with phenazepam versus phenazepam monotherapy in patients with anxiety-phobic and somatoform disorders (70 total patients) demonstrated that combination treatment significantly reduced the adverse side effects typically associated with benzodiazepines. The combined approach decreased attention and memory impairment, asthenia, excessive sedation, prolonged sleep duration, sexual disturbances, emotional indifference, and orthostatic hypotension—both during active treatment and following tranquilizer withdrawal. These findings suggest Selank may enable lower benzodiazepine dosages while maintaining therapeutic efficacy.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words\"\u003eThe molecular mechanisms underlying Selank's anxiolytic effects involve modulation of the GABAergic system through gene expression changes. Research analyzing 84 genes related to neurotransmission in rat frontal cortex tissue revealed that Selank administration (300 μg\/kg) caused significant alterations in expression of 45 genes at one hour and 22 genes at three hours post-administration. These changes showed positive correlation with those induced by direct GABA administration, supporting the hypothesis that Selank acts through allosteric modulation of GABA-A receptor function rather than direct receptor binding.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words\"\u003eStudies examining enkephalin metabolism provide additional insight into Selank's anxiolytic mechanism. Patients with generalized anxiety disorder exhibit considerably shortened enkephalin half-life and reduced total enkephalinase activity in blood, likely due to low concentrations of endogenous enzyme inhibitors. Selank dose-dependently inhibits enzymatic hydrolysis of plasma enkephalin with an IC50 of approximately 15 μM, demonstrating greater potency than conventional peptidase inhibitors. This preservation of enkephalin activity contributes significantly to anxiety reduction and stress resilience.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words\"\u003eAnimal studies demonstrate that Selank effectively attenuates behavioral manifestations of anxiety and chronic stress across different phenotypes of emotional stress reactions. In mouse models subjected to unpredictable chronic mild stress, Selank administration prevented the deterioration of anxiety indicators and enhanced the anxiolytic effects of diazepam when used in combination. The peptide's stress-protective activity extends to modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, with studies showing Selank effectively reduces concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, and TGF-β1 while restoring levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 in stressed animals.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSources:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"[\u0026amp;:not(:last-child)_ul]:pb-1 [\u0026amp;:not(:last-child)_ol]:pb-1 list-disc space-y-2.5 pl-7\"\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"\u003eZozulya AA, et al. \"Efficacy and possible mechanisms of action of a new peptide anxiolytic selank in the therapy of generalized anxiety disorders and neurasthenia.\" Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova. 2008;108(4):38-48.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/18454096\/\" class=\"underline\"\u003ehttps:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/18454096\/\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"\u003eEuropean Psychiatry. \"Rapid and slow response during treatment of generalized anxiety disorder with peptide anxiolytic Selank.\" 2012;27(Suppl 1):1.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/european-psychiatry\/article\/p1114-rapid-and-slow-response-during-treatment-of-generalized-anxiety-disorder-with-peptide-anxiolytic-selank\/7A497218D37084BD079EFE143126F56E\" class=\"underline\"\u003ehttps:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/european-psychiatry\/article\/p1114-rapid-and-slow-response-during-treatment-of-generalized-anxiety-disorder-with-peptide-anxiolytic-selank\/7A497218D37084BD079EFE143126F56E\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"\u003eDorofeeva OA, et al. \"Optimization of the treatment of anxiety disorders with selank.\" Eksp Klin Farmakol. 2009;72(2):6-10.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/26356395\/\" class=\"underline\"\u003ehttps:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/26356395\/\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"\u003eVolkova A, et al. \"Selank Administration Affects the Expression of Some Genes Involved in GABAergic Neurotransmission.\" Front Pharmacol. 2016;7:31.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC4757669\/\" class=\"underline\"\u003ehttps:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC4757669\/\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"\u003eKasian A, et al. \"Peptide Selank Enhances the Effect of Diazepam in Reducing Anxiety in Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress Conditions in Rats.\" Behav Neurol. 2017;2017:5091027.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC5322660\/\" class=\"underline\"\u003ehttps:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC5322660\/\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"\u003eKost NV, et al. \"The inhibitory effect of Selank on enkephalin-degrading enzymes as a possible mechanism of its anxiolytic activity.\" Zh Vyssh Nerv Deiat Im I P Pavlova. 2001;51(5):605-613.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/11550013\/\" class=\"underline\"\u003ehttps:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/11550013\/\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch4 class=\"font-claude-response-body-bold text-text-100 mt-1\"\u003eCognitive Enhancement and Memory\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words\"\u003eSelank demonstrates significant nootropic properties through enhancement of learning, memory consolidation, and cognitive performance. Preclinical studies in Wistar rats using food-reward conditioned reflex paradigms revealed that a single injection of Selank (300 μg\/kg) administered during the consolidation phase significantly enhanced memory trace stability for up to 30 days post-training. This memory-enhancing effect was accompanied by activation of serotonin metabolism in the hypothalamus and caudal brainstem, with increased 5-HT turnover observed from 30 minutes to 2 hours following peptide administration.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words\"\u003eResearch examining Selank's effects on learning processes in rats with varying phenotypes of emotional and stress reactions demonstrated that the peptide significantly activated learning in animals with initially poor learning ability. In conditioned active avoidance reflex tests, Selank (300 μg\/kg) significantly enhanced the learning process in rats exhibiting passive stress response phenotypes. The nootropic effects manifested after a single dose on the first day of experimentation, indicating rapid onset of cognitive enhancement.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words\"\u003eStudies investigating Selank's protective effects against alcohol-induced cognitive impairment provide compelling evidence of its memory-preserving properties. In rats receiving 10% ethanol as their sole fluid source for 30 weeks, Selank treatment (0.3 mg\/kg daily for 7 days, administered intraperitoneally) produced cognitive-stimulating effects in 9-month-old rats not exposed to ethanol and prevented the formation of ethanol-induced memory and attention disturbances that typically develop during alcohol withdrawal. The object recognition test demonstrated that Selank effectively maintained cognitive function despite chronic alcohol exposure.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words\"\u003eThe molecular basis of Selank's cognitive enhancement involves modulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression. Research examining BDNF levels in rat brain structures revealed that intranasal Selank administration rapidly regulates BDNF expression in the hippocampus—a critical region for memory formation and consolidation. Time-dependent studies showed that Selank increased BDNF mRNA expression several hours after administration, with protein levels initially dropping briefly before rising above baseline. This biphasic pattern suggests Selank engages both rapid signaling cascades and slower genomic mechanisms to ultimately increase BDNF protein production.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words\"\u003eAnalysis of gene expression changes in rat hippocampus following Selank administration identified alterations in dopamine receptor gene expression, particularly Drd5, which plays a key role in memory formation and learning processes by ensuring long-term potentiation. The peptide's influence on dopaminergic signaling contributes to enhanced cognitive processing, improved focus, and better retention of learned information.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words\"\u003eSelank's nootropic effects extend to protection against age-related cognitive decline. Studies demonstrate that the peptide positively influences memory disturbances associated with aging, particularly those complicated by chronic conditions such as alcohol use. The peptide's ability to regulate BDNF content in both the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex—two brain regions critical for executive function and memory—underlies its protective effects against cognitive deterioration.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words\"\u003eClinical observations indicate that Selank produces mild nootropic effects in patients with anxiety disorders, improving concentration, mental clarity, and information processing without the cognitive impairment or memory problems associated with benzodiazepine anxiolytics. This dual action—reducing anxiety while enhancing cognition—distinguishes Selank from conventional anxiolytic medications that typically impair cognitive function.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSources:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"[\u0026amp;:not(:last-child)_ul]:pb-1 [\u0026amp;:not(:last-child)_ol]:pb-1 list-disc space-y-2.5 pl-7\"\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"\u003eSokolov OY, et al. \"Experimental optimization of learning and memory processes by selank.\" Zh Vyssh Nerv Deiat Im I P Pavlova. 2010;60(5):505-512.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/20919548\/\" class=\"underline\"\u003ehttps:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/20919548\/\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"\u003eNadorova AV, et al. \"Selank, Peptide Analogue of Tuftsin, Protects Against Ethanol-Induced Memory Impairment by Regulating of BDNF Content in the Hippocampus and Prefrontal Cortex in Rats.\" Bull Exp Biol Med. 2019;167(6):843-846.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/31625062\/\" class=\"underline\"\u003ehttps:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/31625062\/\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"\u003eInozemtseva LS, et al. \"Intranasal administration of the peptide Selank regulates BDNF expression in the rat hippocampus in vivo.\" Dokl Biol Sci. 2008;421:241-243.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1134\/S0012496608040066\" class=\"underline\"\u003ehttps:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1134\/S0012496608040066\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"\u003eSokolov OY, et al. \"Effects of Selank on behavioral reactions and activities of plasma enkephalin-degrading enzymes in mice with different phenotypes of emotional and stress reactions.\" Bull Exp Biol Med. 2002;133(2):133-135.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/12432865\/\" class=\"underline\"\u003ehttps:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/12432865\/\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch4 class=\"font-claude-response-body-bold text-text-100 mt-1\"\u003eNeuroprotection and Brain Health\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words\"\u003eSelank demonstrates multiple neuroprotective mechanisms that support brain health through modulation of neurotrophic factors, reduction of oxidative stress, and protection against neuroinflammation. The peptide's influence on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression represents a primary neuroprotective pathway. BDNF is a critical neurotrophin that supports neuronal survival, promotes synaptic plasticity, and facilitates neurogenesis—all essential processes for maintaining cognitive function and protecting against neurodegenerative conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words\"\u003eResearch examining Selank's interaction with GABAergic neurotransmission and neurotrophic factor signaling revealed that BDNF plays a central role in the peptide's neuroprotective effects. Gene set enrichment analysis of neuroblastoma cells (IMR-32) incubated with Selank showed that the peptide influences biological processes involved in neurotransmission, with the \"gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway\" identified as highly significant and BDNF positioned as a central regulatory factor in this network.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words\"\u003eThe peptide exhibits potent antioxidant properties that protect neural tissue from oxidative damage. Animal studies demonstrate that Selank administration in doses of 100 and 300 μg\/kg significantly decreased free radical levels in liver tissue, indicating systemic antioxidant activity that extends to protection of neuronal cells. Oxidative stress occurs when reactive oxygen species (ROS) production exceeds the body's neutralization capacity, leading to cellular damage particularly detrimental to neurons. Selank's antioxidant action helps maintain redox balance and protects neurons from oxidative injury.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words\"\u003eSelank's anti-inflammatory properties contribute significantly to its neuroprotective profile. Studies examining inflammation-related gene expression in mouse spleen following Selank administration (100 μg\/kg, single intraperitoneal injection) demonstrated significant alterations in 34 genes involved in inflammatory processes. Real-time PCR analysis revealed dynamic changes in expression of key inflammatory mediators including complement component C3 (showing a 3-fold decrease at 30 minutes), caspase-1, interleukin-2 receptor gamma chain (Il2rg), and chemokine receptor Xcr1. These changes indicate that Selank modulates inflammatory pathways at the molecular level, potentially reducing neuroinflammation that contributes to cognitive decline and neurodegeneration.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words\"\u003eThe peptide's inhibition of enkephalin-degrading enzymes provides an additional neuroprotective mechanism. Enkephalins are endogenous opioid peptides that not only regulate emotional responses but also exert neuroprotective effects through opioid receptor activation. Studies demonstrate that Selank inhibits these degrading enzymes with an IC50 of approximately 15-20 μM, showing greater potency than conventional peptidase inhibitors such as puromycin (IC50 10 mM) and bacitracin. This preservation of enkephalin activity supports neuronal resilience during metabolic stress and inflammatory challenges.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words\"\u003eResearch indicates that Selank's neuroprotective effects extend to protection against stress-induced neuronal damage. Chronic stress typically reduces BDNF expression in the hippocampus, particularly in the dentate gyrus, leading to impaired neuroplasticity and cognitive dysfunction. Selank administration helps maintain or restore BDNF levels under stress conditions, counteracting the negative effects of chronic stress on brain structure and function.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words\"\u003eThe peptide demonstrates hepatoprotective effects that indirectly support brain health through systemic metabolic regulation. Studies in rats show that Selank administration (300 and 1000 μg\/kg) restored hepatocyte structure and reduced markers of liver damage. Since the liver plays a crucial role in detoxification and metabolic homeostasis, Selank's protective effects on hepatic function contribute to overall neuroprotection by maintaining optimal systemic metabolism and reducing circulating toxins that could affect brain function.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSources:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"[\u0026amp;:not(:last-child)_ul]:pb-1 [\u0026amp;:not(:last-child)_ol]:pb-1 list-disc space-y-2.5 pl-7\"\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"\u003eFilatova E, et al. \"GABA, Selank, and Olanzapine Affect the Expression of Genes Involved in GABAergic Neurotransmission in IMR-32 Cells.\" Front Pharmacol. 2017;8:89.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC5328971\/\" class=\"underline\"\u003ehttps:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC5328971\/\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"\u003eKolomin TA, et al. \"The temporary dynamics of inflammation-related genes expression under tuftsin analog Selank action.\" Immunobiology. 2013;218(11):1407-1413.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0161589013005440\" class=\"underline\"\u003ehttps:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0161589013005440\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"\u003eKolomin TA, et al. \"Expression of inflammation-related genes in mouse spleen under tuftsin analog Selank.\" Immunobiology. 2011;216(9):998-1003.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0167011511000863\" class=\"underline\"\u003ehttps:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0167011511000863\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"\u003eKost NV, et al. \"Semax and Selank Inhibit the Enkephalin-Degrading Enzymes of Human Serum.\" Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry. 2001;27(2):156-159.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1023\/A:1011373002885\" class=\"underline\"\u003ehttps:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1023\/A:1011373002885\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch4 class=\"font-claude-response-body-bold text-text-100 mt-1\"\u003eImmune Function and Antiviral Activity\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words\"\u003eSelank exhibits significant immunomodulatory properties through regulation of cytokine expression and modulation of immune cell activity, demonstrating effects that extend beyond its central nervous system actions. As a synthetic analog of tuftsin—an endogenous immunomodulatory tetrapeptide—Selank retains and enhances the immune-regulating functions of its parent molecule while exhibiting improved stability and bioavailability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words\"\u003eResearch examining Selank's antiviral properties against influenza A\/Aichi 2\/68 virus (H3N2) in both in vitro and in vivo systems revealed pronounced antiviral effects. The peptide demonstrated highest efficacy when administered 24 hours before viral inoculation in cell culture (preventive use scheme), completely suppressing viral reproduction under these conditions. In vivo studies in laboratory animals showed that preventive administration of Selank resulted in the highest survival rates among infected subjects.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words\"\u003eThe molecular mechanisms underlying Selank's antiviral activity involve modulation of interferon and cytokine gene expression. In vivo studies demonstrated that Selank administration induced gene expression of interferon-alpha (IFN-α) without affecting interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-10 (IL-10), or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) under baseline conditions. This selective induction of IFN-α—a key antiviral cytokine—suggests Selank's mechanism involves modulation of the Th1\/Th2\/Treg cytokine equilibrium both directly and indirectly through central nervous system pathways.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words\"\u003eStudies examining the breadth of Selank's antiviral activity reveal efficacy against multiple viral pathogens including human influenza B\/Ohio 01\/05 virus, avian influenza virus (H5N1), herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and murine encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV). This broad-spectrum antiviral activity, combined with the peptide's favorable safety profile, positions Selank as a promising immunomodulatory agent for viral infection prevention and management.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words\"\u003eAnalysis of Selank's effects on inflammatory gene expression in immune tissue provides insight into its immunomodulatory mechanisms. Studies using real-time PCR to examine 84 inflammation-related genes in mouse spleen tissue following Selank administration (100 μg\/kg) revealed significant changes in 34 genes at 6 and 24 hours post-injection. The Bcl6 gene, which plays a central role in immune system formation and development, exhibited particularly significant expression changes. Additional genes showing altered expression included those encoding chemokines, cytokines, and their receptors—key mediators of immune responses.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words\"\u003eTemporal dynamics studies revealed that Selank's active dipeptide fragment Gly-Pro contributes substantially to the peptide's immunomodulatory effects. Analysis of specific inflammatory genes including complement component C3, caspase-1 (Casp1), interleukin-2 receptor gamma chain (Il2rg), and chemokine receptor Xcr1 demonstrated that both full-length Selank and its Gly-Pro fragment induced similar expression changes, with a 3-fold decrease in C3 mRNA levels observed just 30 minutes after administration.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words\"\u003eClinical studies examining Selank's immunomodulatory effects in patients with anxiety-asthenic disorders and depression revealed that 14 days of Selank administration completely suppressed interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene expression in peripheral blood of depressed patients but did not affect IL-6 levels in healthy volunteers. This selective immunomodulatory effect—normalizing elevated inflammatory markers in disease states without disrupting normal immune function—demonstrates Selank's adaptogenic properties and suggests potential therapeutic applications in conditions characterized by immune dysregulation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words\"\u003eThe combined immunomodulatory and antiviral properties of Selank, along with its ability to reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines while supporting appropriate immune responses, distinguish it from conventional immunosuppressive or immunostimulatory drugs. The peptide's balanced approach to immune system regulation—enhancing antiviral defenses through IFN-α induction while modulating inflammatory responses—provides a unique therapeutic profile for managing conditions involving both immune dysfunction and inflammation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSources:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"[\u0026amp;:not(:last-child)_ul]:pb-1 [\u0026amp;:not(:last-child)_ol]:pb-1 list-disc space-y-2.5 pl-7\"\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"\u003eErshov FI, et al. \"Antiviral activity of immunomodulator Selank in experimental influenza infection.\" Vopr Virusol. 2009;54(5):19-24.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/19882898\/\" class=\"underline\"\u003ehttps:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/19882898\/\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"\u003eKolomin TA, et al. \"Expression of inflammation-related genes in mouse spleen under tuftsin analog Selank.\" Immunobiology. 2011;216(9):998-1003.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0167011511000863\" class=\"underline\"\u003ehttps:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0167011511000863\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"\u003eKolomin TA, et al. \"The temporary dynamics of inflammation-related genes expression under tuftsin analog Selank action.\" Immunobiology. 2013;218(11):1407-1413.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0161589013005440\" class=\"underline\"\u003ehttps:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0161589013005440\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"\u003eAndreeva LA, et al. \"Antiviral properties of structural fragments of the peptide Selank.\" Bioorg Khim. 2010;36(2):272-276.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/20506839\/\" class=\"underline\"\u003ehttps:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/20506839\/\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"research-disclaimer\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDisclaimer:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eThe research articles listed above are for informational purposes only. This product is intended for research use only and not for human or veterinary use.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-e-type=\"container\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-id=\"c8b3f0a\" class=\"wd-negative-gap elementor-element elementor-element-c8b3f0a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent e-lazyloaded\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"e-con-inner\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/main\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"wd-prefooter\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container wd-entry-content\"\u003e⊗PRODUCTS ARE INTENDED AS A RESEARCH CHEMICAL ONLY. This designation allows the use of research chemicals strictly for in vitro testing and laboratory experimentation only. All product information available on this website is for educational purposes only. Bodily introduction of any kind into humans or animals is strictly prohibited by law. Products should only be handled by licensed, qualified professionals. Products sold are not a drug, food, or cosmetic and may not be misbranded, misused or mislabeled as a drug, food, or cosmetic.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"CHEATCODES","offers":[{"title":"5mg","offer_id":44420747001971,"sku":null,"price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10mg","offer_id":44420747034739,"sku":null,"price":49.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0681\/2316\/4787\/files\/selank_10mg_9afaad74-0a56-4ff1-a97d-d297ab0ac324.jpg?v=1775962589"}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0681\/2316\/4787\/collections\/semax_10mg_92ad720e-9e57-4297-88b6-f754d29e01d0.jpg?v=1776868635","url":"https:\/\/cheatcodespeptides.com\/collections\/cognitive-peptides.oembed","provider":"CHEATCODES","version":"1.0","type":"link"}